MedDroidSymptom guide
Difficulty swallowing: causes, warning signs & what to do
Written & medically reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS · Last reviewed
Medically reviewedDifficulty swallowing (dysphagia) can feel like food sticking in the throat or chest, or coughing when you drink. A short spell with a sore throat is common; persistent difficulty always needs a check.
Possible causes
Common causes of difficulty swallowing
- Sore throat or tonsillitis — painful swallowing that settles in days
- Acid reflux — inflammation or narrowing of the food pipe
- Stroke or nerve and muscle conditions affecting the swallowing muscles
- Thyroid swelling (goitre) pressing on the food pipe
- Cancer of the food pipe or throat — usually slowly worsening, with weight loss
- Anxiety can cause a "lump in the throat" feeling without real difficulty swallowing
Self-care
What you can do now
- Eat slowly, take small bites and sit upright while eating
- Choose softer, moist foods until you are checked
- Avoid lying down soon after meals if you have reflux
- Keep a note of whether solids, liquids or both are difficult
Red flags
When to see a doctor urgently
- Food stuck and unable to swallow even saliva — go to hospital now
- Sudden swallowing problems with facial droop, weakness or slurred speech — call your local emergency number (108/112 in India)
- Swelling of the throat or tongue, or trouble breathing
- Swallowing difficulty that keeps getting worse, with weight loss
Checks
Tests a doctor may suggest
Depending on your history and examination, a doctor may suggest some of these. Your doctor decides which, if any, you need.
Explore more
Related pages
References
Sources & further reading
Frequently asked questions
Why does food feel stuck in my throat?
Reflux, narrowing of the food pipe, muscle or nerve problems, and sometimes anxiety can cause this. Persistent symptoms need a doctor and often an endoscopy.
Is difficulty swallowing serious?
Often not when it comes with a sore throat. But difficulty that persists, worsens, or comes with weight loss must be checked, as it can be a sign of narrowing or cancer.
What is the lump-in-the-throat feeling?
A constant feeling of a lump without real difficulty swallowing is often linked to reflux or anxiety. It is still worth a check if it persists.