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Tonsillitis in Children
Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils causing a sore throat and fever. Most cases are viral and settle on their own; some bacterial cases need antibiotics.
Causes & risk factors
- Viral infections (most common)
- Bacterial infection (streptococcus)
- Spread by coughs, sneezes and close contact
Common symptoms
- Sore throat
- Pain or difficulty swallowing
- Fever
- Red, swollen tonsils, sometimes with white spots
- Tender glands in the neck
- Bad breath and reduced appetite
Tests & diagnosis
- Throat examination
- Throat swab (if bacterial suspected)
- CBC (in selected cases)
Treatment & management
- Rest, fluids and soft foods
- Pain and fever relief at weight-based doses confirmed with a doctor
- Warm salt-water gargles for older children
- Antibiotics only if a bacterial cause is confirmed or likely
- Surgery to remove tonsils only for frequent, severe recurrences
When to see a doctor urgently
- Difficulty breathing or drooling with trouble swallowing — seek urgent care
- Unable to drink fluids or becoming dehydrated — urgent
- A muffled voice, one-sided severe swelling or neck stiffness — urgent
- Symptoms lasting more than 3-4 days or repeated attacks
Frequently asked questions
Does my child need their tonsils removed?
Usually not. Surgery is considered only for very frequent or severe recurrent tonsillitis, or breathing problems during sleep. Most children outgrow frequent throat infections.
How do I tell viral from bacterial tonsillitis?
It can be hard. Bacterial (strep) throat is more likely with high fever, white spots, tender neck glands and no cough. A doctor may use a swab or score to decide on antibiotics.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.