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Throat Cancer
Throat cancer is a growth of abnormal cells in the throat or voice box. Early detection greatly improves outcomes, so persistent symptoms should be checked.
Causes & risk factors
- Tobacco use, including chewing tobacco and gutkha
- Heavy alcohol use
- HPV (human papillomavirus) infection
- Chewing betel nut / paan
- Long-term acid reflux
- Poor diet and long-term irritation
Common symptoms
- Persistent sore throat
- Hoarse voice for more than 3 weeks
- Difficulty or pain on swallowing
- A lump in the neck
- Unexplained weight loss
- Persistent cough or coughing blood
Tests & diagnosis
- Throat examination (laryngoscopy)
- Biopsy of the abnormal area
- MRI scan
- CT or PET scan
- Endoscopy
Treatment & management
- Treatment is planned by a cancer specialist team
- Surgery to remove the tumour in suitable cases
- Radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy, often combined with radiotherapy
- Stopping tobacco and alcohol to aid treatment and recovery
When to see a doctor urgently
- Hoarseness or a sore throat lasting more than 3 weeks
- A neck lump that does not go away
- Difficulty swallowing or unexplained weight loss
- Coughing up blood
Not a diagnosis. MedDroid gives general educational information about throat cancer. It cannot examine you, diagnose or prescribe — always confirm with a qualified doctor.
Frequently asked questions
Can tobacco chewing cause throat cancer?
Yes. Tobacco in any form, including chewing tobacco, gutkha and paan, is a major risk factor for throat and mouth cancers. Stopping greatly lowers the risk.
Is a lump in the neck always cancer?
No. Most neck lumps are due to infections and settle. But a painless lump that lasts more than a few weeks should always be checked promptly.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.