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Sore throat: causes, warning signs & what to do
Most sore throats are viral and clear within a week. A few are bacterial (strep) or point to something needing care — here is how to tell.
Common causes of sore throat
- Viral infection (common cold, flu) — the usual cause
- Strep throat — bacterial, with fever and swollen tonsils, no cough
- Tonsillitis
- Acid reflux irritating the throat
- Dry air, smoking or shouting
- Glandular fever (mononucleosis) in teens/young adults
When to see a doctor urgently
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing, or drooling — call your local emergency number now
- A muffled "hot potato" voice with severe one-sided pain
- High fever with a widespread rash
- A sore throat lasting more than a week, or with a neck lump
Frequently asked questions
Is my sore throat viral or strep?
Strep is more likely with fever, swollen tonsils with white spots, tender neck glands and NO cough. Viral throats usually come with a runny nose and cough. A swab confirms strep.
When do I need antibiotics for a sore throat?
Only if it is bacterial (strep). Most sore throats are viral and improve with fluids, rest and pain relief.
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Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.