MedDroidSymptom guide
Knee pain: causes, warning signs & what to do
Written & medically reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS · Last reviewed
Medically reviewedKnee pain is very common, from sports injuries in young people to wear-and-tear arthritis later in life. Where it hurts, how it started and whether the knee is swollen all point to the cause.
Possible causes
Common causes of knee pain
- Osteoarthritis — gradual pain and stiffness, worse on stairs and squatting
- Ligament injury such as an ACL tear — a twist with a pop and quick swelling
- Meniscus tear — catching, locking or pain on twisting
- Gout — sudden, very painful hot swelling
- Rheumatoid arthritis — both knees and other joints, with morning stiffness
- Overuse — pain at the front of the knee from running, climbing or sitting cross-legged for long
Self-care
What you can do now
- Rest from painful activity for a few days, but keep gently moving the knee
- Use a cold pack wrapped in cloth for short periods after an injury
- Keep a healthy weight — each extra kilogram adds load to the knees
- Strengthening the thigh muscles helps most knee pain; a physiotherapist can guide you
Red flags
When to see a doctor urgently
- A hot, red, swollen knee with fever (possible joint infection) — seek same-day care
- Unable to bear weight or the knee looks deformed after an injury
- Calf pain and swelling with knee pain (possible clot) — seek urgent care
- The knee repeatedly locks or gives way
Checks
Tests a doctor may suggest
Depending on your history and examination, a doctor may suggest some of these. Your doctor decides which, if any, you need.
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Related pages
References
Sources & further reading
Frequently asked questions
Why does my knee hurt when climbing stairs?
Pain on stairs is typical of osteoarthritis or irritation behind the kneecap. Strengthening the thigh muscles and weight control often help a lot.
When does knee pain need a scan?
After a significant injury, if the knee locks or gives way, or if pain persists despite rest and exercises, a doctor may suggest an X-ray or MRI.
Should I walk with knee pain?
Gentle walking is usually good for arthritis. After a fresh injury with swelling, rest for a few days and get it checked if you cannot bear weight.