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Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the joints, causing inflammation, pain and swelling. It often affects both sides of the body.
Causes & risk factors
- Autoimmune reaction (immune system attacks joints)
- Genetic predisposition
- Smoking
- Hormonal factors, more common in women
- Environmental triggers in susceptible people
Common symptoms
- Painful, swollen joints (often hands and feet)
- Morning stiffness lasting over an hour
- Symmetrical joint involvement on both sides
- Tiredness
- Low-grade fever
- Firm lumps (nodules) under the skin
Tests & diagnosis
Treatment & management
- Disease-modifying medicines (DMARDs) as prescribed
- Anti-inflammatory and pain-relief medicines
- Physiotherapy to maintain joint movement
- Regular monitoring of disease activity
- Lifestyle measures such as stopping smoking
- Biologic therapies in selected cases
When to see a doctor urgently
- Persistent joint pain and swelling on both sides
- Morning stiffness lasting more than an hour
- Joints becoming deformed over time
- New fever or feeling generally unwell with joint pain
Frequently asked questions
How is rheumatoid arthritis different from osteoarthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease causing inflammation and often affects both sides symmetrically, while osteoarthritis is wear and tear of cartilage with age.
Can rheumatoid arthritis be cured?
There is no cure yet, but early treatment with modern medicines can control the disease, ease symptoms and prevent joint damage.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.