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Gout
Gout is a form of arthritis caused by a build-up of uric acid crystals in a joint, often the big toe. It causes sudden, severe attacks of pain, redness and swelling.
Causes & risk factors
- High uric acid levels in the blood
- Diet rich in red meat, seafood and alcohol
- Sugary drinks and being overweight
- Kidney problems reducing uric acid removal
- Certain medicines (such as diuretics)
- Family history
Common symptoms
- Sudden, intense joint pain (often the big toe)
- Redness and warmth over the joint
- Severe tenderness, even to a bedsheet
- Swelling of the joint
- Attacks often starting at night
Tests & diagnosis
- Uric acid
- Joint fluid analysis for crystals
- CBC
- Kidney function test
- X-ray
Treatment & management
- Medicines to relieve the acute attack, as prescribed
- Rest and elevation of the joint during attacks
- Medicines to lower uric acid for prevention
- Reducing alcohol, red meat and sugary drinks
- Weight loss and staying well hydrated
When to see a doctor urgently
- A hot, swollen, very painful joint with fever (rule out infection)
- Frequent or worsening gout attacks
- Lumps of crystals (tophi) forming under the skin
- Kidney stones or reduced kidney function
Not a diagnosis. MedDroid gives general educational information about gout. It cannot examine you, diagnose or prescribe — always confirm with a qualified doctor.
Frequently asked questions
Which foods should I avoid with gout?
Limit red and organ meats, shellfish, alcohol (especially beer) and sugary drinks. Plenty of water and a balanced diet help keep uric acid down.
Is gout a lifelong condition?
Gout tends to recur, but with uric-acid-lowering treatment and diet changes, most people can prevent attacks and lead a normal life.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.