MedDroidSymptom guide
Hiccups: causes, warning signs & what to do
Written & medically reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS · Last reviewed
Medically reviewedHiccups are sudden spasms of the diaphragm, the breathing muscle under the lungs. Almost all bouts stop on their own within minutes; hiccups lasting more than two days need a doctor.
Possible causes
Common causes of hiccups
- Eating too fast, large meals, fizzy drinks or spicy food
- Sudden excitement, stress, or a sudden temperature change
- Alcohol or smoking
- Acid reflux irritating the food pipe
- Some medicines (for example, certain steroids)
- Long-lasting hiccups: nerve irritation, kidney failure, stroke or other brain conditions
Self-care
What you can do now
- Sip cold water slowly, or swallow a little crushed ice
- Hold your breath briefly, or breathe slowly into cupped hands
- Eat smaller meals slowly and avoid fizzy drinks
- If reflux is a pattern, avoid lying down soon after meals
Red flags
When to see a doctor urgently
- Hiccups lasting more than 48 hours
- Hiccups with chest pain, breathlessness, or vomiting blood
- Hiccups with weakness, numbness, slurred speech or trouble walking — call your local emergency number (108/112 in India)
- Hiccups that stop you eating, drinking or sleeping
Checks
Tests a doctor may suggest
Depending on your history and examination, a doctor may suggest some of these. Your doctor decides which, if any, you need.
Explore more
Related pages
References
Sources & further reading
Frequently asked questions
How do I stop hiccups quickly?
Sipping cold water, holding your breath briefly or slow breathing often help. Most bouts stop on their own within minutes, whatever you do.
When are hiccups a sign of something serious?
Hiccups that last more than 48 hours, or come with chest pain, breathlessness, weakness or confusion, need medical review.
Why do I get hiccups after eating?
A full stomach, eating quickly, fizzy drinks and spicy food can irritate the diaphragm. Smaller, slower meals usually help.