Written & medically reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS· Last reviewed
A varicocele is a “bag of worms” of enlarged veins in the scrotum, a bit like varicose veins. Many cause no problems, but some cause a dull ache or affect fertility — in which case treatment can help.
Often symptomless, found on examination or during a fertility check
Can cause a dull ache or heaviness, worse when standing
More common on the left side
May reduce sperm count/quality in some men
Treatment (surgery or embolisation) is considered mainly for pain or fertility
When to see a doctor urgently
A varicocele that appears suddenly, or only on the right side, needs a doctor’s review
Significant testicular pain or a separate hard lump
A shrinking testicle on the affected side
Treat it for a reason. Not every varicocele needs treatment — it is usually treated for troublesome pain or a fertility problem. A sudden or right-sided one should be checked further. MedDroid gives general information, not a diagnosis.
Frequently asked questions
Does a varicocele affect fertility?
It can reduce sperm count or quality in some men, which is why it is often found during fertility checks. Treating it may improve semen results in selected cases.
Do all varicoceles need surgery?
No — many cause no problems and need no treatment. Surgery or embolisation is mainly for troublesome pain or a fertility problem.
What are the symptoms of a varicocele?
Often none. Some men notice a dull ache or heaviness (worse when standing) or feel a “bag of worms” above the testicle.
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.