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Varicocele
A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, a bit like varicose veins. It is common, often harmless, but can affect fertility or cause a dull ache.
Causes & risk factors
- Faulty valves in the scrotal veins allowing blood to pool
- More common on the left side due to vein anatomy
- Usually develops during puberty or young adulthood
Common symptoms
- A soft "bag of worms" feeling in the scrotum
- A dull ache or heaviness, worse when standing
- Scrotal swelling
- Sometimes found only during a fertility check
- A testicle that is smaller on the affected side
Tests & diagnosis
- Scrotal examination
- Scrotal ultrasound (Doppler)
- Semen analysis if fertility is a concern
- Testosterone
Treatment & management
- No treatment if small and not causing problems
- Scrotal support and pain relief for mild discomfort
- Surgery (varicocelectomy) or embolisation if it affects fertility or causes pain
- Follow-up semen analysis after treatment when relevant
When to see a doctor urgently
- A scrotal lump or swelling that is new
- A dull ache that affects daily life
- Difficulty conceiving with a known varicocele
- A varicocele that appears suddenly or only when lying down (needs assessment)
Not a diagnosis. MedDroid gives general educational information about varicocele. It cannot examine you, diagnose or prescribe — always confirm with a qualified doctor.
Frequently asked questions
Does a varicocele always need treatment?
No. Many are small, painless and left alone. Treatment is considered when it causes significant discomfort or is linked to fertility problems.
Can a varicocele affect fertility?
It can lower sperm quality in some men. If fertility is a concern, a semen analysis helps decide whether treatment may help.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.