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Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid)
Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland makes too little thyroid hormone, slowing the body down. It is common, especially in women, and is easily treated with a daily tablet.
Causes & risk factors
- Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto disease)
- Iodine deficiency in some regions
- Previous thyroid surgery or radioactive iodine treatment
- Certain medicines
- Thyroid inflammation after pregnancy
Common symptoms
- Tiredness
- Weight gain
- Feeling cold
- Constipation
- Dry skin
- Hair thinning
- Low mood or poor concentration
- Heavy or irregular periods
Tests & diagnosis
- TSH
- Thyroid function (TFT)
- Thyroid antibodies (anti-TPO)
- CBC
- Lipid profile
Treatment & management
- Daily thyroid hormone replacement (levothyroxine)
- Taken on an empty stomach, with the dose adjusted by blood tests
- Regular TSH monitoring to fine-tune the dose
- Lifelong treatment in most cases
- Iodine-sufficient diet where deficiency is a factor
When to see a doctor urgently
- Persistent tiredness, weight gain and cold intolerance
- A high TSH on a blood report
- Symptoms during or after pregnancy
- Extreme drowsiness or confusion — rare emergency
Frequently asked questions
Do I need thyroid tablets for life?
Usually yes, as most causes are permanent, but the dose is adjusted over time. Some temporary thyroiditis settles on its own — your doctor decides based on the cause.
Can hypothyroidism cause weight gain?
It can cause modest weight gain, largely from fluid and a slower metabolism. Treatment helps, but diet and activity still matter for overall weight.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.