MedDroid
Ask MedDroid
Constipation
Constipation means passing stools less often than usual, or hard, difficult-to-pass stools. It is very common and usually improves with diet, fluids and activity.
Causes & risk factors
- Too little fibre or fluid in the diet
- Not being active enough
- Ignoring the urge to go, or a change in routine
- Some medicines (painkillers, iron, certain others)
- Pregnancy
- An underactive thyroid or other medical conditions
Common symptoms
- Infrequent or hard stools
- Tummy pain and cramps
- Bloating
- Straining or a feeling of incomplete emptying
- Loss of appetite
Tests & diagnosis
- Usually none — diagnosis is clinical
- Thyroid test (if suspected)
- Calcium
- Colonoscopy only if red flags or over 50 with new symptoms
Treatment & management
- Eat more fibre — fruit, vegetables, whole grains and pulses
- Drink plenty of water
- Be more active and do not ignore the urge to go
- Laxatives short-term if lifestyle changes are not enough
- Review any medicines that may be contributing
When to see a doctor urgently
- Blood in the stool or unexplained weight loss
- A persistent change in bowel habit, especially after age 50
- Severe tummy pain, vomiting or a swollen abdomen
- Constipation that does not improve with treatment
Frequently asked questions
How often should I open my bowels?
Anywhere from three times a day to three times a week can be normal. Constipation is a change from your usual pattern, or hard, painful stools.
Are laxatives safe to use long-term?
Occasional use is fine, but relying on stimulant laxatives long-term is best avoided. Fibre, fluids and activity are the safest long-term fix; see a doctor if you need laxatives regularly.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.