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Common Cold & Flu
The common cold and flu are viral infections of the nose, throat and airways. The cold is usually mild; flu tends to be more sudden and severe with fever and body aches.
Causes & risk factors
- Viruses spread by droplets and touch
- Cold viruses (many types)
- Influenza (flu) viruses
- Close contact and crowded settings
- Seasonal spread, especially in cooler months
Common symptoms
- Runny or blocked nose
- Sore throat
- Cough
- Fever (more with flu)
- Headache
- Body aches (more with flu)
Tests & diagnosis
- Usually diagnosed clinically
- Flu swab in some cases
- CBC if needed
- Chest X-ray if pneumonia suspected
Treatment & management
- Rest and plenty of fluids
- Fever and pain relief (paracetamol category)
- Steam inhalation and saltwater gargles for symptoms
- Antibiotics are not helpful for viral colds and flu
- Antiviral medicines for flu in some high-risk people
When to see a doctor urgently
- Breathlessness or chest pain
- High fever that will not settle, or symptoms lasting over a week
- Symptoms worsening after initial improvement
- High-risk people (elderly, pregnant, chronic illness) with flu
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between a cold and flu?
Colds come on gradually with mostly nose and throat symptoms. Flu tends to start suddenly with high fever, marked body aches and exhaustion. Flu is more likely to cause complications.
Can antibiotics cure a cold?
No. Colds and flu are viral, so antibiotics do not help and may cause harm. Treatment is rest, fluids and symptom relief unless a bacterial complication develops.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.