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Cough: causes, warning signs & what to do

A cough clears the airways and usually follows a cold, settling in 2–3 weeks. A lasting cough or one with alarm features needs a closer look.

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Common causes of cough

Viral infection (cold, flu, COVID)
Post-nasal drip / sinusitis
Asthma (often a dry night cough)
Acid reflux
Chest infection / pneumonia (with fever, phlegm)
Smoking; in some regions, TB

When to see a doctor urgently

Coughing up blood — get seen promptly
Cough with breathlessness, chest pain or high fever
A cough lasting more than 3 weeks
Cough with unexplained weight loss or drenching night sweats

Frequently asked questions

How long should a cough last?

A cough after a cold can linger 2–3 weeks. A cough beyond 3 weeks, or with blood, weight loss or breathlessness, should be investigated.

Why do I cough more at night?

Night coughs can point to asthma, post-nasal drip or acid reflux. If it disturbs sleep regularly, a doctor can help find the cause.

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MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.