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Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs of one or both lungs, which can fill with fluid. It ranges from mild to serious, especially in the very young, elderly or those with other illnesses.
Causes & risk factors
- Bacterial infection (most common)
- Viral infection (including influenza and COVID-19)
- Fungal infection (less common)
- Breathing in food, drink or vomit (aspiration)
- Weak immunity or existing lung disease
Common symptoms
- Cough, sometimes with phlegm
- Fever and chills
- Breathlessness
- Chest pain when breathing
- Tiredness and weakness
Tests & diagnosis
- Chest X-ray
- Full blood count (CBC)
- CRP
- Sputum test
- Blood oxygen (pulse oximetry)
Treatment & management
- Antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia
- Rest, fluids and fever/pain relief
- Antivirals in some viral cases
- Hospital care with oxygen if severe
- Vaccination helps prevent some types
When to see a doctor urgently
- Severe breathlessness or blue lips — call your local emergency number now
- Confusion, chest pain or coughing up blood — urgent care
- High fever not settling with treatment
- Symptoms in a baby, elderly or immunocompromised person
Frequently asked questions
Is pneumonia contagious?
The germs that cause it can spread through coughs and sneezes, though not everyone exposed will develop pneumonia. Good hygiene and vaccines help.
How long does recovery take?
Many people improve within a week or two, but tiredness and cough can linger for a month or more, especially after severe illness.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.