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Hydrocele
A hydrocele is a build-up of fluid around a testicle, causing painless swelling of the scrotum. It is common and usually harmless, but is checked to rule out other causes.
Causes & risk factors
- Fluid collecting in the sac around the testicle
- Present from birth in some babies (usually resolves)
- Injury or inflammation of the testicle
- Infection (epididymo-orchitis)
- Rarely, an underlying testicular problem
Common symptoms
- Painless swelling of one or both sides of the scrotum
- A soft, fluid-filled feeling
- Swelling that may vary through the day
- Discomfort or heaviness if large
- The swelling lights up when a torch is shone through (transillumination)
Tests & diagnosis
- Clinical examination
- Scrotal ultrasound
- Transillumination test
- CBC (if infection is suspected)
Treatment & management
- Many hydroceles, especially in babies, need no treatment and settle on their own
- Surgery (hydrocelectomy) if it is large, uncomfortable or persistent
- Draining the fluid in selected cases (it often refills)
- Treat any underlying infection
When to see a doctor urgently
- Any new scrotal swelling — get it checked
- Sudden pain or rapid swelling of the scrotum — seek urgent care
- A hard lump felt within the testicle
- Swelling with fever or redness
Not a diagnosis. MedDroid gives general educational information about hydrocele. It cannot examine you, diagnose or prescribe — always confirm with a qualified doctor.
Frequently asked questions
Is a hydrocele dangerous?
Usually no — it is harmless fluid. But any scrotal swelling should be examined to rule out infection, a hernia or, rarely, a testicular tumour.
Will a hydrocele go away on its own?
In babies it often clears within the first year or two. In adults it usually persists, and surgery is the definitive treatment if it causes problems.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.