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Haemorrhoids (Surgical Treatment)
Large or persistent haemorrhoids (piles) that do not settle with diet and creams may need a clinic procedure or surgery. This page covers the surgical options.
Causes & risk factors
- Straining from constipation over a long time
- Long-term diarrhoea
- Pregnancy and childbirth
- Prolapsing (protruding) piles
- Piles that keep bleeding or clot painfully
Common symptoms
- Persistent bright red bleeding
- A lump that protrudes from the back passage
- Pain, especially with a clotted (thrombosed) pile
- Itching, discharge or difficulty with hygiene
- A feeling of incomplete emptying
Tests & diagnosis
- Examination of the back passage
- Proctoscopy
- Colonoscopy to exclude other causes of bleeding
- CBC (if bleeding is heavy)
Treatment & management
- Rubber-band ligation for internal piles
- Injection (sclerotherapy) for smaller piles
- Surgical removal (haemorrhoidectomy) for large piles
- Stapled or Doppler-guided procedures in selected cases
- Continue a high-fibre diet and avoid straining afterwards
When to see a doctor urgently
- Heavy or ongoing rectal bleeding
- A painful, hard lump that does not settle
- A change in bowel habit or dark blood mixed in stool
- Piles that keep coming back despite treatment
Frequently asked questions
Is haemorrhoid surgery painful?
Band ligation causes only mild discomfort. Surgical removal can be sore for a week or two, eased with pain relief, warm baths and stool softeners. Most people recover well.
Will piles come back after surgery?
Surgery treats existing piles, but new ones can form if straining and constipation continue. A high-fibre diet, fluids and good toilet habits reduce recurrence.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.