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Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is a long-term condition where blood sugar stays too high because the body resists insulin or does not make enough of it. It is very common in India and often builds up silently over years.
Causes & risk factors
- Insulin resistance linked to excess weight, especially around the tummy
- Family history of diabetes
- Physical inactivity and a diet high in refined carbs and sugar
- Increasing age
- Prediabetes left unmanaged
- Conditions like PCOS
Common symptoms
- Passing urine often
- Tiredness
- Unexplained weight loss
- Blurred vision
- Excessive thirst
- Slow-healing cuts or frequent infections
- Tingling in hands or feet
Tests & diagnosis
- HbA1c
- Fasting blood sugar
- Post-meal (PP) blood sugar
- Lipid profile
- Kidney function (RFT)
- Urine test for protein
Treatment & management
- Lifestyle first — balanced diet, portion control, regular exercise and weight loss
- Oral blood-sugar-lowering medicines when needed
- Insulin in some people or during illness
- Regular checks of eyes, kidneys, feet and heart risk
- Blood pressure and cholesterol control
When to see a doctor urgently
- Very high sugar with drowsiness, deep breathing or vomiting — urgent
- Persistent thirst, weight loss or repeated infections
- A foot ulcer or a wound that will not heal
- Sudden vision changes
Frequently asked questions
Can type 2 diabetes be reversed?
Some people bring blood sugar back to normal ranges with weight loss and lifestyle change, especially early on, but it needs to be sustained. This is remission, not a permanent cure, so continue follow-up.
What HbA1c means diabetes?
An HbA1c of 6.5% or above generally indicates diabetes, and 5.7 to 6.4% suggests prediabetes. Your doctor confirms the diagnosis with repeat or additional tests.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.