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Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body stops making insulin, so blood sugar rises. It usually starts in childhood or young adulthood and needs lifelong insulin.
Causes & risk factors
- Autoimmune destruction of the insulin-making cells in the pancreas
- Genetic susceptibility
- Possible triggering by certain viral infections
- Not caused by diet or lifestyle
Common symptoms
Tests & diagnosis
- Blood sugar
- HbA1c
- Blood/urine ketones
- GAD & islet autoantibodies
- Electrolytes
Treatment & management
- Lifelong insulin, by injections or a pump
- Carbohydrate counting and matching insulin to meals
- Regular blood-sugar monitoring (finger-prick or continuous sensor)
- Prompt treatment of high or low sugar episodes
- Education and support for the person and family
When to see a doctor urgently
- Vomiting, deep rapid breathing, drowsiness or fruity breath — emergency (DKA)
- Sudden severe thirst, weight loss and frequent urination in a child
- Repeated low-sugar episodes (shakiness, sweating, confusion)
Frequently asked questions
How is type 1 different from type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 is an autoimmune loss of insulin production needing insulin from the start, often in younger people. Type 2 is mainly insulin resistance linked to weight and lifestyle, usually in adults.
Can type 1 diabetes be prevented?
No proven way to prevent it exists, as it is autoimmune and not caused by diet. Early recognition and starting insulin promptly prevents dangerous complications.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.