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Traumatic Brain Injury
A traumatic brain injury results from a blow or jolt to the head that disrupts brain function. It ranges from a mild concussion to a severe, life-threatening injury needing emergency care.
Causes & risk factors
- Falls
- Road traffic accidents
- Assaults or blows to the head
- Sports injuries
- Blast or crush injuries
Common symptoms
- Headache
- Confusion or loss of consciousness
- Repeated vomiting
- Dizziness
- Slurred speech or weakness
- Memory loss or drowsiness
- Vision changes
Tests & diagnosis
- CT scan of the brain (urgent)
- MRI brain
- Neurological assessment (GCS)
Treatment & management
- Emergency assessment and monitoring for any significant head injury
- Surgery to relieve pressure or bleeding when needed
- Rest and gradual return to activity for concussion
- Managing symptoms such as headache and dizziness
- Rehabilitation for lasting effects
When to see a doctor urgently
- Loss of consciousness, repeated vomiting, seizures or worsening drowsiness after a head injury — call your local emergency number now
- Weakness, slurred speech, confusion or clear fluid from the nose or ears — call your local emergency number now
- A severe or worsening headache after a head injury
- Any head injury in someone on blood thinners or after a heavy blow
Frequently asked questions
How do I know if a head knock is serious?
Watch for loss of consciousness, repeated vomiting, worsening headache, confusion, weakness, seizures or clear fluid from the nose or ears. Any of these needs emergency care.
What is concussion?
Concussion is a mild brain injury causing temporary symptoms like headache, dizziness and difficulty concentrating. Most recover with rest and a gradual return to activity, but worsening symptoms need review.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.