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Thyroid Disorders (Overview)
Thyroid disorders are problems with the thyroid gland making too little or too much hormone. They are common, affect energy, weight and heart rate, and are usually easy to detect and treat.
Causes & risk factors
- Autoimmune thyroid disease
- Iodine deficiency or excess
- Thyroid nodules or inflammation
- Previous thyroid surgery or treatment
- Certain medicines
Common symptoms
- Tiredness
- Weight change
- Palpitations (overactive)
- Constipation (underactive)
- Feeling too hot or too cold
- Neck swelling
Tests & diagnosis
- TSH
- Thyroid function (TFT)
- Thyroid antibodies
- Thyroid ultrasound if a lump is present
Treatment & management
- Thyroid hormone replacement for an underactive gland
- Anti-thyroid treatment for an overactive gland
- Correcting iodine problems where relevant
- Regular blood-test monitoring
- Referral to an endocrinologist for complex cases
When to see a doctor urgently
- Unexplained weight change with tiredness or palpitations
- A neck lump or swelling
- Feeling constantly too hot or too cold
- An abnormal thyroid blood test
Not a diagnosis. MedDroid gives general educational information about thyroid disorders (overview). It cannot examine you, diagnose or prescribe — always confirm with a qualified doctor.
Frequently asked questions
What single test screens the thyroid?
TSH is the main screening test. If abnormal, further tests (T4, T3 and antibodies) are done to pinpoint the type of thyroid problem.
Are thyroid problems serious?
Most are very treatable once found. Untreated, they can affect the heart, weight, mood and, in pregnancy, the baby, so testing and follow-up matter.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.