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Thrombocytopenia (Low Platelets)
Thrombocytopenia means a low platelet count. Platelets help blood clot, so when they are low you may bruise or bleed more easily. The cause guides how serious it is.
Causes & risk factors
- Immune conditions that destroy platelets (ITP)
- Viral infections (including dengue)
- Some medicines
- Bone marrow problems, including cancers
- Liver disease or an enlarged spleen
- Heavy alcohol use or certain vitamin deficiencies
Common symptoms
- Easy or unexplained bruising
- Tiny red or purple spots on the skin (petechiae)
- Bleeding gums or frequent nosebleeds
- Blood in urine or stool
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
Tests & diagnosis
- Full blood count
- Platelet count
- Blood film examination
- Dengue test where relevant
- Bone marrow biopsy in some cases
Treatment & management
- Treating the underlying cause (infection, medicine, illness)
- Steroids or other medicines for immune causes
- Platelet transfusion for severe or dangerous bleeding
- Stopping any medicine that may be responsible
- A specialist manages persistent or unexplained cases
When to see a doctor urgently
- Unexplained bruising, or tiny red spots on the skin
- Bleeding gums, frequent nosebleeds or blood in urine/stool
- Any heavy bleeding that will not stop — seek urgent care
Frequently asked questions
Why do low platelets cause bleeding and bruising?
Platelets are the cells that help blood clot. When their number falls, small blood vessels leak more easily, causing bruises, pinpoint spots and bleeding from the gums or nose.
Can dengue cause low platelets?
Yes. Dengue and some other viral infections commonly lower the platelet count for a time. Doctors monitor it closely and it usually recovers as you get better.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.