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Scleroderma
Scleroderma is an autoimmune condition that causes hardening and tightening of the skin, and sometimes affects internal organs and blood vessels. It varies widely between people.
Causes & risk factors
- Autoimmune reaction leading to excess collagen
- Genetic predisposition
- Environmental triggers in susceptible people
- More common in women
Common symptoms
- Thickened, tight or hard skin
- Fingers turning white or blue in the cold (Raynaud's)
- Joint pain and stiffness
- Heartburn and swallowing difficulty
- Breathlessness if lungs are involved
- Swollen fingers
Tests & diagnosis
- ANA (antinuclear antibody)
- Anti-Scl-70 and anticentromere antibodies
- Nailfold capillary examination
- Kidney function test
- Lung function tests
Treatment & management
- Medicines to ease symptoms and protect organs, as prescribed
- Keeping warm and protecting hands from cold
- Skin moisturising and care
- Treating heartburn and swallowing problems
- Regular monitoring of lungs, kidneys and heart
When to see a doctor urgently
- Fingers frequently turning white or blue, or developing sores
- Progressive skin tightening
- Breathlessness or persistent cough
- Severe heartburn or difficulty swallowing
Not a diagnosis. MedDroid gives general educational information about scleroderma. It cannot examine you, diagnose or prescribe — always confirm with a qualified doctor.
Frequently asked questions
What is Raynaud's phenomenon in scleroderma?
It is when fingers or toes turn white or blue in cold or stress due to narrowed blood vessels. It is common in scleroderma and can be an early sign.
Does scleroderma always affect internal organs?
No. Some people have only skin involvement, while others have organ involvement. Regular monitoring helps detect any organ changes early.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.