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Ovarian Cyst
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs on the ovary. Most are harmless, cause no symptoms and clear on their own. A few need treatment, and sudden severe pain needs urgent care.
Causes & risk factors
- Normal cysts formed during the monthly cycle (functional cysts)
- PCOS — many small cysts
- Endometriosis-related cysts
- Non-cancerous growths (dermoid or cystadenoma)
- Rarely, cancerous change, especially after menopause
Common symptoms
- Pelvic pain, one-sided
- Bloating or fullness
- Pain during sex
- Needing to pass urine more often
- Irregular periods
- Often no symptoms at all
Tests & diagnosis
- Pelvic ultrasound
- Pregnancy test (beta-hCG)
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- CA-125 blood marker (in selected cases)
Treatment & management
- Most functional cysts clear by themselves — watch and rescan
- Pain relief for discomfort
- Hormone contraceptives may reduce new cyst formation
- Surgery (keyhole) for large, persistent or worrying cysts
- Closer follow-up if a cyst appears after menopause
When to see a doctor urgently
- Sudden, severe one-sided pelvic pain — seek urgent care
- Pain with fever or vomiting
- Feeling faint with pelvic pain
- Persistent bloating, pain or a swelling that does not settle
Frequently asked questions
Are ovarian cysts dangerous?
Most are harmless and disappear on their own. The main concerns are a cyst twisting or bursting (sudden severe pain, an emergency) and, rarely, cancer — more of a worry after menopause.
Can a cyst burst?
Yes. A ruptured cyst causes sudden sharp pelvic pain. Many settle with rest and painkillers, but severe pain, faintness or fever needs urgent assessment.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.