MedDroid
Ask MedDroid
Meningitis
Meningitis is inflammation of the protective layers around the brain and spinal cord, usually from infection. Bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening emergency that can worsen within hours.
Causes & risk factors
- Bacterial infection (the most serious form)
- Viral infection (usually milder)
- Fungal infection (rare, mainly with weakened immunity)
- Spread from a nearby infection
- Being unvaccinated against certain bacteria
Common symptoms
- High fever
- Severe headache
- Stiff neck
- Sensitivity to light
- A rash that does not fade on pressure
- Nausea and vomiting
- Drowsiness or confusion
Tests & diagnosis
- Lumbar puncture (spinal fluid)
- Blood count
- CRP (inflammation)
- Blood cultures
- CT scan of the brain
Treatment & management
- Emergency hospital admission for suspected bacterial meningitis
- Urgent antibiotics — given without delay when bacterial infection is suspected
- Antiviral or supportive care for viral meningitis
- Fluids, oxygen and close monitoring
- Vaccination to prevent many types
When to see a doctor urgently
- Fever with a severe headache, stiff neck or a rash that does not fade on pressure — call your local emergency number now
- Drowsiness, confusion, fits or difficulty waking — call your local emergency number now
- A rapidly unwell child with fever and irritability
- Do not wait for all symptoms to appear — seek emergency help early
Frequently asked questions
How do I do the glass test for the rash?
Press a clear glass firmly against the rash. A meningitis rash does not fade under pressure. But do not wait for a rash — if meningitis is suspected, call your local emergency number now.
Is meningitis contagious?
Some causes can spread between close contacts. If someone is diagnosed, their close contacts may be offered preventive antibiotics or vaccination. Vaccines prevent many types.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.