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Lactose Intolerance
Lactose intolerance is difficulty digesting lactose, the sugar in milk, because the gut makes too little of the enzyme lactase. It causes bloating and diarrhoea after dairy.
Causes & risk factors
- Naturally falling lactase levels with age (very common in Indian adults)
- A gut infection or illness temporarily reducing lactase
- Coeliac disease or other gut conditions
- Rarely, an inherited deficiency present from birth
Common symptoms
- Bloating and wind after dairy
- Diarrhoea
- Tummy cramps
- Nausea
- Rumbling or gurgling stomach
Tests & diagnosis
- Trial of avoiding then reintroducing dairy
- Hydrogen breath test
- Lactose tolerance test
- Coeliac blood test if other causes are suspected
Treatment & management
- Limit or avoid milk and high-lactose foods
- Try lactose-free milk and dairy alternatives
- Hard cheeses and yoghurt are often better tolerated
- Lactase enzyme supplements before dairy meals
- Ensure enough calcium and vitamin D from other sources
When to see a doctor urgently
- Weight loss or blood in the stool (points to another cause)
- Symptoms that continue despite avoiding dairy
- Severe or worsening tummy pain
- Signs of a nutritional deficiency
Frequently asked questions
Is lactose intolerance the same as a milk allergy?
No. Intolerance is difficulty digesting milk sugar, causing gut symptoms. A milk allergy is an immune reaction that can be serious. They are managed differently.
Can I still get enough calcium?
Yes — from lactose-free dairy, fortified plant milks, leafy greens, ragi, sesame, almonds and fish with soft bones. A dietitian can help you plan.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.