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Haemorrhoids (Piles)
Haemorrhoids, or piles, are swollen blood vessels in and around the back passage (anus). They are very common and often caused by straining, and usually settle with simple measures.
Causes & risk factors
- Straining to pass hard stools (constipation)
- Long-term diarrhoea
- Pregnancy
- Sitting for long periods or heavy lifting
- Being overweight
- A low-fibre diet
Common symptoms
- Bright red blood on the paper or in the toilet
- Itching or discomfort around the anus
- A lump or swelling near the back passage
- Pain, especially if a pile clots
- Mucus discharge or a feeling of not fully emptying
Tests & diagnosis
- Examination of the back passage
- Proctoscopy (a short internal look)
- CBC (if bleeding is heavy)
- Colonoscopy if bleeding needs fuller assessment
Treatment & management
- Eat more fibre and drink plenty of water to soften stools
- Avoid straining and prolonged sitting on the toilet
- Warm sitz baths for comfort
- Creams or ointments for short-term relief
- Procedures such as banding, or surgery, for persistent or large piles
When to see a doctor urgently
- Heavy or persistent bleeding from the back passage
- Any change in bowel habit or dark blood mixed in stool
- A painful, hard lump that does not settle
- Unexplained weight loss with bleeding
Frequently asked questions
Is blood from piles ever serious?
Piles usually cause bright red bleeding, but bleeding can also come from more serious causes. Any rectal bleeding, especially new or dark blood, or a change in bowel habit, should be checked.
Do haemorrhoids go away on their own?
Mild piles often settle within days to weeks with more fibre, fluids and avoiding straining. Larger or recurring ones may need a clinic procedure.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.