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Frailty
Frailty is a state of reduced strength and reserve that makes older people more vulnerable to illness and setbacks. It can often be slowed or improved with the right steps.
Causes & risk factors
- Loss of muscle strength with age
- Poor nutrition or unintended weight loss
- Multiple long-term conditions
- Inactivity
- Several medicines (polypharmacy)
- Social isolation and low mood
Common symptoms
- Tiredness and low energy
- Weakness and slow walking
- Unintended weight loss
- Reduced activity and doing less
- Recovering slowly after minor illness
- Falls
Tests & diagnosis
- Comprehensive geriatric assessment
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Thyroid function (TFT)
- Vitamin B12
- Vitamin D
- Albumin (nutrition)
Treatment & management
- Strength, balance and resistance exercise
- Good nutrition with enough protein and calories
- Review and reduce unnecessary medicines
- Treat underlying conditions and depression
- Stay socially active and connected
- Plan support and home safety
When to see a doctor urgently
- Unintended weight loss or a marked drop in strength or activity
- Frequent falls or difficulty managing at home
- Slow recovery or repeated hospital admissions
- A sudden change in function or new confusion — get seen
Frequently asked questions
Is frailty reversible?
Mild frailty can often be improved, and its progress slowed, with exercise, good nutrition and treating underlying problems. Acting early gives the best chance of maintaining independence.
What is the single most helpful thing?
Staying physically active with strength and balance exercise, alongside eating enough protein, has the biggest impact on maintaining muscle, mobility and independence.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.