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Epididymitis
Epididymitis is inflammation of the epididymis, the coiled tube behind the testicle, usually from infection. It causes scrotal pain and swelling and needs prompt treatment.
Causes & risk factors
- Urinary tract infection spreading to the epididymis
- Sexually transmitted infections in younger men
- Recent catheter or urinary procedure
- Enlarged prostate causing urine backflow
- Rarely, non-infectious inflammation
Common symptoms
- Pain and swelling of one testicle/scrotum
- Tenderness that builds over hours to days
- Painful urination
- Fever
- Redness or warmth of the scrotum
- Frequent urination
Tests & diagnosis
Treatment & management
- Antibiotics appropriate to the likely cause
- Pain relief and anti-inflammatory medicines
- Rest, scrotal support and ice packs
- Treating a partner if an STI is the cause
- Follow-up to ensure it settles
When to see a doctor urgently
- Sudden severe testicular pain — urgent (to rule out torsion)
- High fever with a swollen, red scrotum
- Pain not improving on treatment
- A hard lump remaining after the infection settles
Frequently asked questions
How is epididymitis different from testicular torsion?
Torsion causes very sudden, severe pain and is a surgical emergency. Epididymitis usually builds more gradually, but sudden severe pain always needs urgent assessment to be safe.
Do I need antibiotics for a long time?
Often a course of one to two weeks is needed, sometimes longer. Complete the full course even if you feel better, and attend follow-up.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.