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Depression
Depression is a common condition that causes persistent low mood, loss of interest and low energy, affecting how you feel, think and cope with daily life. It is treatable, and asking for help is a sign of strength.
Causes & risk factors
- A combination of life stresses and biology
- Difficult life events such as loss, illness or money worries
- Family history of depression
- Long-term illness or chronic pain
- Some medicines or hormonal changes
- Alcohol or drug use
Common symptoms
- Persistent low mood or sadness
- Loss of interest or pleasure
- Low energy and tiredness
- Poor sleep or sleeping too much
- Changes in appetite or weight
- Feelings of guilt or hopelessness
- Difficulty concentrating
Tests & diagnosis
- Clinical assessment and mood questionnaires
- Thyroid function
- Blood count
- Vitamin D
Treatment & management
- Talking therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy
- Antidepressant medicines when appropriate
- Regular activity, sleep routine and social connection
- Reducing alcohol and other contributors
- Ongoing support and review — recovery is very possible
When to see a doctor urgently
- Thoughts of harming yourself or ending your life — get help immediately: contact a crisis line or call your local emergency number now
- Low mood most days for more than two weeks
- Not coping with work, relationships or daily tasks
- Depression with heavy alcohol or drug use
Frequently asked questions
Is depression just feeling sad?
No. Depression is more than sadness — it is a persistent low mood with loss of interest, energy, sleep and concentration that affects daily life. It is a genuine, treatable health condition.
What if I have thoughts of harming myself?
Please reach out right away. Contact a crisis helpline, a trusted person, or your local emergency number now. You are not alone, and support is available immediately.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.