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Dementia-Related Behaviour Changes
People with dementia can develop changes in behaviour such as agitation, confusion or distress. These are part of the condition and can often be eased with understanding and the right support.
Causes & risk factors
- Progression of the underlying dementia
- Pain, infection or constipation causing distress
- A confusing or over-stimulating environment
- Fear, boredom or unmet needs
- Some medicines
Common symptoms
- Agitation or restlessness
- Aggression or resistance to care
- Confusion, worse in the evening
- Wandering
- Repetitive questions or actions
- Sleep disturbance
Tests & diagnosis
- Assessment to find triggers or unmet needs
- Urine test for infection
- Blood tests (check for infection)
- Medication review
Treatment & management
- Looking for and treating triggers such as pain, infection or constipation
- A calm, familiar routine and environment
- Gentle reassurance and non-drug approaches first
- Support and training for carers
- Medicines only when needed, at the lowest helpful dose
When to see a doctor urgently
- Sudden confusion or a rapid change in behaviour — seek urgent review (possible infection or illness)
- Behaviour that puts the person or others at risk of harm — get help promptly (emergency number if immediate danger)
- Distress that is not settling with usual approaches
- Signs of pain, infection or new physical illness
Frequently asked questions
Why has my relative’s behaviour changed suddenly?
A sudden change often signals a physical cause such as an infection, pain or constipation, rather than the dementia alone. This should be checked promptly, as treating the cause usually helps.
What can help with agitation?
Non-drug approaches come first: a calm routine, familiar surroundings, reassurance, and meeting needs like hunger, toileting or comfort. Medicines are used cautiously and only when necessary.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.