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Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is a long-term condition where the airways become widened and scarred, so mucus builds up and infections keep coming back. It is managed with airway clearance and treating infections.
Causes & risk factors
- Damage from past infections (pneumonia, TB, whooping cough)
- Immune system problems
- Cystic fibrosis
- Blocked airways or inhaled objects
- Sometimes no clear cause is found
Common symptoms
- Daily cough with lots of phlegm
- Repeated chest infections
- Breathlessness
- Tiredness
- Coughing up blood at times
Tests & diagnosis
- High-resolution CT chest (HRCT)
- Chest X-ray
- Sputum test
- Lung function tests
Treatment & management
- Daily airway clearance (physiotherapy, breathing techniques)
- Prompt antibiotics for flare-ups
- Treating the underlying cause where found
- Vaccinations to prevent infections
- Exercise and pulmonary rehabilitation
When to see a doctor urgently
- Coughing up a large amount of blood — call your local emergency number now
- High fever with more or discoloured phlegm
- Sudden severe breathlessness or chest pain
- Flare-ups becoming more frequent
Not a diagnosis. MedDroid gives general educational information about bronchiectasis. It cannot examine you, diagnose or prescribe — always confirm with a qualified doctor.
Frequently asked questions
Is bronchiectasis the same as COPD?
No, though they can occur together. Bronchiectasis is widened, scarred airways that trap mucus, and airway clearance is a key part of care.
Why do infections keep coming back?
Mucus pools in the damaged airways and becomes a breeding ground for germs. Regular clearance helps reduce infections.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.