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Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder causes extreme swings in mood and energy, from highs (mania) to lows (depression). With the right treatment and support, most people manage it well and lead full lives.
Causes & risk factors
- A strong genetic and biological component
- Family history of bipolar disorder
- Stressful life events as triggers
- Disrupted sleep
- Alcohol or drug use
Common symptoms
- High periods: elevated mood, racing thoughts, less need for sleep
- Risky behaviour or overspending during highs
- Low periods: sadness, hopelessness, low energy
- Loss of interest during lows
- Big changes in sleep and activity
- Difficulty concentrating
Tests & diagnosis
- Detailed psychiatric assessment
- Thyroid function
- Blood tests
Treatment & management
- Mood-stabilising medicines, taken consistently
- Talking therapy and psychoeducation
- A regular sleep and daily routine
- Avoiding alcohol and recreational drugs
- Ongoing specialist review and a relapse plan
When to see a doctor urgently
- Thoughts of harming yourself or others — get help immediately: contact a crisis line or call your local emergency number now
- Severe mania with risky behaviour or losing touch with reality — seek urgent care
- Big mood swings affecting work, safety or relationships
- Any suspected relapse
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between bipolar and ordinary mood changes?
Everyone has ups and downs, but in bipolar disorder the mood swings are extreme and last days to weeks, with clear changes in energy, sleep and behaviour that disrupt life.
Can bipolar disorder be managed?
Yes. With mood-stabilising treatment, therapy, a steady routine and support, most people manage well between episodes and lead full lives. Consistent treatment is key to preventing relapse.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.