MedDroidLab test guide
Urine Routine Test (Urine R/E): normal range & what your result means
Written & medically reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS · Last reviewed
Medically reviewedA urine routine and microscopy test (urine R/E or R/M) looks at the colour, chemistry and cells in a urine sample. It is one of the most common tests for infection, kidney problems and diabetes.
About the test
Why the urine routine test test is done
- Burning or frequent urination — to look for a urinary infection
- Checking for protein, blood or sugar in the urine
- Routine health check-ups, pregnancy check-ups, and monitoring diabetes or kidney disease
Reference range
Typical adult range
| Measure | Typical adult range |
|---|---|
| Colour / appearance | Pale yellow, clear |
| pH | 4.5–8.0 |
| Specific gravity | 1.005–1.030 |
| Protein, glucose, ketones | Negative / nil |
| Nitrite | Negative |
| Pus cells (WBC) | 0–5 /hpf |
| Red blood cells (RBC) | 0–2 /hpf |
| Epithelial cells | Few |
Typical adult range; labs differ — use the range on your report. Ranges also vary with age, sex, pregnancy and the method used. Your doctor interprets the result alongside your symptoms and history.
Results
What an ABNORMAL result can mean
- Many pus cells, positive nitrite or bacteria: possible urinary tract infection (a urine culture may be advised)
- Protein: kidney stress or disease, fever, heavy exercise — usually repeated to confirm
- Glucose or ketones: high blood sugar, diabetes, or fasting
- Red blood cells: infection, kidney stones, menstrual contamination, or other kidney or bladder problems
Results
What a NORMAL result means
- No signs of infection, sugar, protein or blood in this sample
- A normal result does not rule out every kidney problem — blood tests check kidney function
Preparation
Before the test
- Collect a clean-catch midstream sample, ideally the first urine of the morning
- Wash the area first; women should avoid testing during a period if possible
- Deliver the sample to the lab within an hour or as instructed
Red flags
When to get urgent help
- Fever with chills and back or side pain (possible kidney infection) — seek same-day care
- Visible blood or clots in the urine
- Passing very little urine, or none, for many hours
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References
Sources & further reading
Frequently asked questions
What does pus cells in urine mean?
A few pus cells (up to about 5 per high-power field) can be normal. Higher numbers suggest inflammation or infection, especially with symptoms like burning.
Is protein in urine serious?
Small amounts can appear after fever or exercise. Persistent protein needs further tests, as it can be an early sign of kidney damage, especially in diabetes or high blood pressure.
Do I need to fast for a urine test?
Usually not. A first-morning sample is preferred because it is more concentrated. Follow the instructions your lab gives you.