Back pain: causes, warning signs & what to do
Most back pain is muscular and improves within a few weeks. A small number of "red-flag" features suggest a nerve or serious cause that needs prompt attention.
Common causes of back pain
- Muscle or ligament strain — the most common cause
- Poor posture or prolonged sitting
- Slipped (herniated) disc — with pain shooting down a leg (sciatica)
- Age-related wear (spondylosis, arthritis)
- Osteoporosis — a compression fracture in older adults
- Kidney causes — infection or stones (loin pain)
When to see a doctor urgently
- Loss of bladder or bowel control, or numbness around the groin — call your local emergency number now
- Leg weakness or numbness that is worsening
- Back pain with fever, or after a significant fall/injury
- Unexplained weight loss or night pain with a history of cancer
Frequently asked questions
How long does back pain take to heal?
Simple muscular back pain usually eases within 2–6 weeks with gentle movement and pain relief. Pain that persists beyond that, or comes with red flags, should be reviewed.
Should I rest or stay active with back pain?
Gentle activity is better than bed rest for most back pain. Avoid heavy lifting, keep moving within comfort, and see a doctor if it is severe or not improving.
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MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.