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Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ): uses, side effects & brands
HCTZ is a thiazide water tablet used for blood pressure, often in combination pills. It belongs to the Diuretic (water tablet) group. Diuretics help the body remove excess salt and water, lowering blood pressure and reducing swelling.
Drug type — dosing is set by your doctor
| Measure | Range |
|---|---|
| Drug class | Diuretic (water tablet) |
| Type | Prescription |
| Dose | Individual — ask your doctor or pharmacist |
What it is used for
- High blood pressure
- Fluid retention (oedema)
- Often combined with other blood pressure tablets
Common brand names
- India: Aquazide, Hydrazide
- Worldwide: Microzide, Esidrix
Common side effects
- Passing more urine
- Dizziness
- Low potassium or sodium
- Raised uric acid (gout) or blood sugar
Before taking it — precautions
- Take it in the morning so you are not up at night to pass urine
- Blood salts, kidney function and sugar are checked
- Tell your doctor about gout, diabetes or sulfa allergy; protect skin from strong sun
When to see a doctor urgently
- Sudden eye pain or blurred vision (rare — urgent)
- Severe dizziness, confusion or muscle cramps (low salts or dehydration)
- Severe rash or swelling of the face (urgent)
Frequently asked questions
Why do I need to protect my skin on hydrochlorothiazide?
It can make skin more sensitive to sunlight, and long-term use is linked with a higher risk of some skin cancers. Use sun protection and check your skin.
Can hydrochlorothiazide cause gout?
It can raise uric acid levels and trigger gout in some people. Tell your doctor if you get a painful, swollen joint.
Why are blood tests needed?
It can lower potassium and sodium and raise blood sugar, so these are checked from time to time.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.