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Vaginal Infections (Yeast & Bacterial)
Itching, unusual discharge or discomfort down below is very common and usually due to a yeast or bacterial imbalance. Most clear quickly with the right treatment.
Causes & risk factors
- Yeast (candida) overgrowth — thrush
- Bacterial imbalance (bacterial vaginosis)
- Antibiotics upsetting the normal balance
- Diabetes or high blood sugar
- Pregnancy or hormone changes
- Some sexually transmitted infections
Common symptoms
- Vaginal itching
- Thick white or thin grey discharge
- A fishy or unusual smell
- Stinging when passing urine
- Soreness or redness
- Discomfort during sex
Tests & diagnosis
- Vaginal swab / examination
- Blood sugar (if recurrent)
- HbA1c (if recurrent)
- STI tests if risk factors present
Treatment & management
- Antifungal creams or pessaries for yeast infections
- Antibiotics (tablets or gel) for bacterial vaginosis, on prescription
- Avoid scented soaps, douching and tight synthetic underwear
- Manage blood sugar if you have diabetes
- Treat sexual partners only when the doctor advises
When to see a doctor urgently
- Symptoms not settling with over-the-counter treatment
- Fever, pelvic pain or unwell feeling with the discharge
- Repeated infections (four or more a year)
- Any symptoms during pregnancy — check with your doctor first
Frequently asked questions
Is a yeast infection an STI?
No. Thrush is an overgrowth of a fungus that normally lives in the body and is not classed as a sexually transmitted infection, though sex can sometimes trigger it.
Why do I keep getting infections?
Recurrent infections can be linked to diabetes, antibiotics, hormone changes or irritants. If they keep coming back, see a doctor to check blood sugar and review triggers.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.