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Undescended Testis
An undescended testis is when a testicle has not moved down into the scrotum by birth. It often corrects itself early, but if not, a simple operation brings it down.
Causes & risk factors
- The testicle fails to descend fully before birth
- More common in premature babies
- Family history
- Usually no clear cause is found
Common symptoms
- An empty or partly empty scrotum on one or both sides
- A testicle that cannot be felt in the scrotum
- Usually painless
- Noticed at a routine baby check
Tests & diagnosis
- Examination by a doctor
- Ultrasound or keyhole look if not felt
- Hormone tests (if both sides affected)
Treatment & management
- Many descend on their own in the first few months — watch and review
- If not down by around 6-12 months, surgery (orchidopexy) is advised
- The operation places and fixes the testis in the scrotum
- Early treatment protects future fertility and eases checks
- Follow-up to confirm the testis stays in place
When to see a doctor urgently
- A testicle not felt in the scrotum by a few months of age
- A testis that was down but seems to have gone back up
- Sudden pain or swelling in the groin or scrotum — seek urgent care
- Both testicles undescended — get an early review
Frequently asked questions
Why does it need treating?
A testis left outside the scrotum has a higher risk of fertility problems and, later in life, testicular cancer. Bringing it down early lowers these risks and makes self-checks possible.
When is the best time for surgery?
If the testis has not descended by around 6 months, surgery is usually planned between 6 and 12-18 months of age for the best outcomes. Your surgeon will advise on timing.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.