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Substance Addiction
Substance addiction is when the use of drugs becomes compulsive and harmful, despite the problems it causes. It is a treatable health condition, and reaching out for support is an important step.
Causes & risk factors
- A mix of genetic, psychological and social factors
- Using substances to cope with stress, pain or trauma
- Mental health conditions such as depression or anxiety
- Early exposure or a family history
- Social environment and availability
Common symptoms
- Strong cravings and loss of control
- Needing more for the same effect
- Withdrawal symptoms when stopping
- Neglecting responsibilities or relationships
- Continuing use despite harm
- Weight loss or neglected health
Tests & diagnosis
- Clinical assessment
- Drug screen
- Liver function
- Tests for blood-borne infections
Treatment & management
- Talking therapies and counselling
- Support groups and peer support
- Medicines to support withdrawal or reduce cravings for some substances
- Treating co-existing mental health conditions
- A safe, planned approach to reducing or stopping use
When to see a doctor urgently
- A suspected overdose — unresponsive, slow or stopped breathing — call your local emergency number now
- Severe withdrawal such as seizures or confusion — call your local emergency number now
- Thoughts of harming yourself — get help immediately: contact a crisis line or call your local emergency number now
- Feeling unable to control your use
Frequently asked questions
Is addiction a choice or an illness?
Addiction is a recognised health condition that changes how the brain responds to a substance, making use feel compulsive. It is not a moral failing, and it can be treated with the right support.
What should I do if someone overdoses?
Call your local emergency number immediately. If they are unresponsive or breathing slowly, get help fast, place them on their side if breathing, and stay with them until help arrives.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.