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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
PTSD can develop after a frightening or traumatic event, causing flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety. It is a natural response to trauma and can be treated effectively.
Causes & risk factors
- Experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event
- Accidents, assault, disaster or violence
- Combat or serious illness
- Childhood trauma or abuse
- Lack of support after trauma
Common symptoms
- Flashbacks or reliving the event
- Nightmares
- Avoiding reminders of the trauma
- Feeling on edge or easily startled
- Difficulty sleeping
- Low mood, guilt or numbness
Tests & diagnosis
- Clinical assessment
- PTSD screening questionnaires
Treatment & management
- Trauma-focused talking therapies (such as CBT or EMDR)
- Medicines for symptoms when appropriate
- Grounding and relaxation techniques
- Support from trusted people and peer groups
- A safe, steady routine
When to see a doctor urgently
- Thoughts of harming yourself — get help immediately: contact a crisis line or call your local emergency number now
- Symptoms lasting more than a month after a trauma
- Flashbacks, nightmares or anxiety affecting daily life
- Using alcohol or drugs to cope
Frequently asked questions
Does everyone who goes through trauma get PTSD?
No. Many people recover naturally with time and support. PTSD is diagnosed when symptoms persist beyond about a month and interfere with daily life. Effective treatments are available.
What therapies help PTSD?
Trauma-focused therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy and EMDR are recommended and effective. Medicines can also help symptoms. A clinician can guide the best approach for you.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.