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Panic Disorder
Panic disorder involves sudden, intense episodes of fear called panic attacks, often with strong physical symptoms, and worry about having more. It can feel frightening but is treatable.
Causes & risk factors
- A mix of stress, biology and life experiences
- Major life changes or stress
- Family history of anxiety
- Caffeine, alcohol or drug use
- Sometimes triggered by an underlying health worry
Common symptoms
- Racing heart or palpitations
- Shortness of breath
- Chest tightness
- Dizziness
- Tingling in the hands
- A sense of fear or losing control
- Nausea
Tests & diagnosis
- Clinical assessment
- ECG (to reassure and exclude heart causes)
- Thyroid function
Treatment & management
- Cognitive behavioural therapy is very effective
- Breathing and grounding techniques during attacks
- Medicines for anxiety or panic when appropriate
- Reducing caffeine, alcohol and stimulants
- Understanding that attacks, though frightening, are not dangerous
When to see a doctor urgently
- First-time chest pain or breathlessness — treat as an emergency until the heart is checked; call your local emergency number if severe
- Thoughts of harming yourself — get help immediately: contact a crisis line or call your local emergency number now
- Frequent panic attacks affecting daily life
- Avoiding places or activities because of fear of attacks
Frequently asked questions
Are panic attacks dangerous?
Panic attacks are very unpleasant but not physically dangerous. However, symptoms like chest pain can mimic heart problems, so a first episode should be checked to be safe.
What can I do during an attack?
Try slow, steady breathing and remind yourself it will pass. Grounding techniques and therapy help reduce future attacks. If chest pain or breathlessness is new or severe, seek urgent care.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.