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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
OCD involves unwanted, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviours or mental acts (compulsions) done to relieve the anxiety they cause. It can be distressing but responds well to treatment.
Causes & risk factors
- A mix of biology, genetics and life experiences
- Family history of OCD or anxiety
- Stressful or traumatic events as triggers
- Differences in brain circuits involved in habit and anxiety
Common symptoms
- Recurring, unwanted intrusive thoughts
- Excessive checking, washing or counting
- A need for order or symmetry
- Distress if rituals are not completed
- Time-consuming routines affecting daily life
Tests & diagnosis
- Clinical assessment
- OCD symptom questionnaires
Treatment & management
- Cognitive behavioural therapy, especially exposure and response prevention
- Medicines for OCD when appropriate
- Learning to resist compulsions gradually with support
- Involving family in understanding the condition
- Ongoing follow-up
When to see a doctor urgently
- Thoughts of harming yourself — get help immediately: contact a crisis line or call your local emergency number now
- Rituals or thoughts taking up a lot of time or causing distress
- OCD interfering with work, study or relationships
- Symptoms not improving with self-help
Frequently asked questions
Is being tidy the same as having OCD?
No. Liking things neat is a preference. OCD involves distressing intrusive thoughts and compulsions that are hard to resist and interfere with daily life. It is a recognised, treatable condition.
Can OCD be treated?
Yes. A specific type of therapy called exposure and response prevention, sometimes with medicine, helps most people reduce symptoms significantly and regain control of their time.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.