Obesity
Obesity is carrying excess body fat that harms health, usually judged by body mass index (BMI). It raises the risk of diabetes, heart disease and many other conditions.
Causes & risk factors
- Taking in more energy than the body uses over time
- A diet high in sugar, refined carbs and fatty foods
- Low physical activity and long sitting hours
- Genetic and hormonal factors
- Some medicines and conditions (e.g. underactive thyroid)
- Poor sleep and stress
Common symptoms
Tests & diagnosis
Treatment & management
- A balanced, calorie-controlled diet with dietitian support
- Regular physical activity built up gradually
- Behaviour and sleep support
- Weight-loss medicines in selected people, under medical care
- Bariatric (weight-loss) surgery for severe obesity when other steps have not worked
When to see a doctor urgently
- Difficulty losing weight despite diet and exercise
- Weight linked to diabetes, high BP or sleep apnoea
- Breathlessness, chest pain or severe joint problems
- Interest in medical or surgical weight-loss options
Not a diagnosis. MedDroid gives general educational information about obesity. It cannot examine you, diagnose or prescribe — always confirm with a qualified doctor.
Frequently asked questions
What BMI counts as obesity?
A BMI of 30 or above is generally called obesity, and 25-30 is overweight. For South Asians, lower cut-offs (from about 23 and 27.5) are used, as health risks start at a lower BMI.
Is obesity just about willpower?
No. Genetics, hormones, sleep, stress, medicines and environment all play a part. Effective treatment combines diet, activity and, when needed, medical or surgical help.
Explore more
MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.