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Migraine
Migraine is a common neurological condition that causes throbbing, often one-sided headaches, frequently with nausea and sensitivity to light and sound. Attacks can last hours to days.
Causes & risk factors
- A genetic tendency — migraine often runs in families
- Triggers such as stress, poor or changed sleep, and skipped meals
- Hormonal changes, for example around periods
- Certain foods, alcohol, caffeine or dehydration
- Bright lights, strong smells or loud noise
- Changes in weather or routine
Common symptoms
- Throbbing headache
- Aura (visual zig-zags or flashes)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Sensitivity to light and sound
- Dizziness
- Blurred vision
- Tiredness before or after
Tests & diagnosis
- Clinical diagnosis (history and exam)
- MRI brain (if red flags)
- CT scan
- Headache diary
Treatment & management
- Simple pain relief taken early in an attack, and anti-sickness medicine if needed
- Migraine-specific medicines for acute attacks
- Preventive medicines if attacks are frequent or disabling
- Rest in a dark, quiet room during an attack
- Identifying and avoiding personal triggers; regular sleep, meals and hydration
When to see a doctor urgently
- A sudden "worst-ever" thunderclap headache — call your local emergency number now
- Headache with weakness, slurred speech, confusion or vision loss — call your local emergency number now
- A new headache with fever and a stiff neck
- Headaches that are becoming more frequent, severe or different from your usual pattern
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between a migraine and an ordinary headache?
Migraine tends to throb, is often one-sided and comes with nausea or sensitivity to light and sound, and it can be disabling. Ordinary tension headaches feel like a tight band and are usually milder.
Can migraines be cured?
There is no cure, but most people control migraine well by treating attacks early, taking preventive medicine when needed and managing triggers. A doctor can tailor a plan for you.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.