Mammography

Written & medically reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS · Last reviewed 27 September 2026

A mammogram is a low-dose X-ray of the breast used to screen for and investigate breast cancer. It can find changes too small to feel, which is why it is central to breast screening.

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Causes & risk factors

Routine breast cancer screening
To investigate a breast lump or change
To follow up an abnormal finding
To monitor after breast cancer treatment
To assess nipple discharge or breast pain in some cases

Common symptoms

A breast lump or thickening
A change in breast size, shape or skin
Nipple discharge or a nipple that turns in
Often done in women with no symptoms (screening)

Tests & diagnosis

Breast ultrasound (often alongside)
Breast MRI in selected cases
Core-needle biopsy if a change is found

Treatment & management

Each breast is briefly pressed between two plates for a clear image
It can feel uncomfortable but lasts only seconds
It uses a low dose of radiation
It can detect very small changes before they can be felt
Results may lead to further tests such as ultrasound or biopsy

When to see a doctor urgently

When invited for routine breast screening
If you notice a breast lump or change
To follow up an abnormal breast finding

Not a diagnosis. MedDroid gives general educational information about mammography. It cannot examine you, diagnose or prescribe — always confirm with a qualified doctor.

Frequently asked questions

Does a mammogram hurt?

The breast is pressed firmly between two plates, which can be uncomfortable or briefly painful, but it only lasts a few seconds. Tell the radiographer if you are in pain.

Why have a mammogram if I feel fine?

Screening mammograms can find breast cancer very early, before it can be felt, when treatment is most effective. This is why women in certain age groups are invited even without symptoms.

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Sources & further reading

Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.