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Liver Cancer
Liver cancer is a growth that starts in the liver, most often on top of long-term liver damage such as cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis. Found early, it is more treatable.
Causes & risk factors
- Chronic hepatitis B or C
- Cirrhosis from any cause
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Heavy alcohol use
- Aflatoxins (a mould toxin in poorly stored grains and nuts)
Common symptoms
- Often no symptoms early on
- Upper right tummy pain or a lump
- Weight loss and poor appetite
- Yellowing of the eyes and skin
- Tiredness
- Tummy swelling
Tests & diagnosis
- Liver ultrasound
- AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) blood test
- CT or MRI of the liver
- LFT
- Biopsy in selected cases
Treatment & management
- Surgery to remove the tumour or part of the liver
- Liver transplant in selected people
- Local treatments such as ablation or chemoembolisation
- Targeted therapy or immunotherapy for advanced disease
- Treat the underlying liver disease and screen high-risk people
When to see a doctor urgently
- A lump or persistent pain in the upper right tummy
- Unexplained weight loss with a known liver problem
- New yellowing of the eyes or skin
- Worsening symptoms in someone with cirrhosis or hepatitis
Frequently asked questions
Who should be screened for liver cancer?
People with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B are at higher risk and are usually offered regular ultrasound and blood tests, which help catch cancer early when it is more treatable.
Can liver cancer be prevented?
Reducing risk factors helps — hepatitis B vaccination, treating hepatitis C, limiting alcohol, keeping a healthy weight and avoiding mouldy foods all lower the chance.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.