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Insomnia
Insomnia is difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep or waking too early, leaving you tired during the day. It is very common and often improves with changes to sleep habits.
Causes & risk factors
- Stress, worry or anxiety
- Poor sleep habits or an irregular routine
- Caffeine, alcohol or screen use before bed
- Depression or other mental health conditions
- Pain or other physical conditions
- Some medicines
Common symptoms
- Difficulty falling asleep
- Waking often or too early
- Daytime tiredness
- Difficulty concentrating
- Irritability or low mood
Tests & diagnosis
- Clinical assessment and sleep history
- Sleep diary
- Thyroid function
Treatment & management
- Good sleep habits: regular times, a dark quiet room, no screens before bed
- Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (the recommended treatment)
- Cutting caffeine and alcohol, especially in the evening
- Treating underlying stress, pain or mood problems
- Sleep medicines only short-term if needed
When to see a doctor urgently
- Insomnia most nights for several weeks affecting daily life
- Low mood, anxiety or thoughts of self-harm — get help promptly (crisis line or emergency number if urgent)
- Loud snoring with pauses in breathing (possible sleep apnoea)
- Relying on alcohol or sleeping tablets to sleep
Frequently asked questions
What is the best treatment for insomnia?
A talking therapy called CBT for insomnia is the most effective long-term treatment, along with good sleep habits. Sleeping tablets are only for short-term use because of side effects and dependence.
How much sleep do I really need?
Most adults need around 7 to 9 hours, but this varies. What matters most is feeling rested. Worrying about exact hours can itself make sleep harder.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.