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Hypospadias
Hypospadias is a common birth difference where the opening of the penis is on the underside rather than the tip. It is corrected with surgery, usually in infancy.
Causes & risk factors
- A difference in how the penis forms before birth
- Genetic and hormonal factors
- Family history in some cases
- Usually no identifiable cause
Common symptoms
- The urine opening on the underside of the penis
- A downward curve of the penis (chordee)
- A hooded appearance of the foreskin
- A spraying or misdirected urine stream
- Noticed at birth or a baby check
Tests & diagnosis
- Diagnosed by examination at birth
- Specialist assessment for severity
Treatment & management
- Surgery to reposition the opening and straighten the penis
- Usually done between around 6 and 18 months of age
- Do not circumcise before surgery — the foreskin may be needed for repair
- Care of the wound and catheter after the operation
- Follow-up to check healing and urine flow
When to see a doctor urgently
- Any concern about the appearance of the penis in a newborn — ask for assessment
- Difficulty passing urine or a very abnormal stream
- Fever, redness or discharge after surgery — get seen
- Problems passing urine after the repair — urgent
Not a diagnosis. MedDroid gives general educational information about hypospadias. It cannot examine you, diagnose or prescribe — always confirm with a qualified doctor.
Frequently asked questions
Will my son be able to urinate and function normally?
Yes, in most cases. Surgical repair aims to give a normal-looking penis, a good urine stream and normal function later in life. Outcomes are generally very good.
Why should circumcision be avoided first?
The foreskin tissue is often used during the repair. So circumcision is not done beforehand unless the surgeon plans the reconstruction accordingly.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.