MedDroid
Ask MedDroid
Gynaecomastia (Male Breast Enlargement)
Gynaecomastia is enlargement of breast tissue in men, caused by an imbalance between male and female hormones. It is common at puberty and in older age and is usually harmless.
Causes & risk factors
- Hormone changes at puberty (often settles on its own)
- Ageing, especially with weight gain
- Certain medicines and some recreational drugs
- Liver, kidney or thyroid disease
- Low testosterone
- Rarely, hormone-producing tumours
Common symptoms
- Swelling or firmness under one or both nipples
- Breast tenderness
- A rubbery disc of tissue behind the nipple
- Occasionally nipple discomfort
Tests & diagnosis
- Testosterone
- Liver function (LFT)
- Thyroid function (TFT)
- Oestrogen and hCG if needed
- Breast ultrasound if a lump is firm
Treatment & management
- Reassurance and observation, as many cases resolve
- Stopping or changing a responsible medicine
- Treating an underlying cause (thyroid, liver, hormone problem)
- Weight loss where relevant
- Medicines or surgery for persistent, distressing cases
When to see a doctor urgently
- A firm, hard or fixed lump, or one on one side only
- Nipple discharge or skin changes
- Rapidly growing or painful breast tissue
- Breast enlargement with other hormone symptoms
Frequently asked questions
Is gynaecomastia the same as chest fat?
No. Gynaecomastia is true breast (glandular) tissue, felt as a firm disc behind the nipple, whereas fatty chest tissue is soft and diffuse. An examination tells them apart.
Can it be a sign of cancer?
Male breast cancer is rare but possible, especially with a hard, one-sided lump, skin changes or discharge. Such features should be checked promptly.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.