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Frozen Shoulder
Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) is stiffness and pain in the shoulder that develops when the capsule around the joint thickens and tightens. Movement becomes gradually more limited.
Causes & risk factors
- Diabetes (a strong risk factor)
- Shoulder immobility after injury or surgery
- Thyroid disorders
- Being over 40, more common in women
- Prolonged rest of the arm (for example after a stroke)
Common symptoms
- Shoulder pain, often worse at night
- Progressive stiffness of the shoulder
- Difficulty reaching overhead or behind the back
- Trouble dressing or combing hair
- Pain when lying on the affected side
Tests & diagnosis
- Clinical shoulder examination
- X-ray
- MRI
- HbA1c
- Thyroid function test
Treatment & management
- Physiotherapy and daily stretching exercises
- Pain relief and anti-inflammatory medicines as advised
- Hot packs before exercises
- Steroid injection into the joint in selected cases
- Controlling blood sugar if diabetic
- Manipulation or keyhole surgery for stubborn cases
When to see a doctor urgently
- Shoulder stiffness that stops daily activities
- Severe night pain disturbing sleep
- No improvement despite weeks of exercises
- Sudden inability to move the arm after an injury
Frequently asked questions
How long does frozen shoulder last?
It often runs a long course of one to three years through freezing, frozen and thawing stages, but exercises and treatment can shorten it and reduce pain.
Why is frozen shoulder common in diabetics?
High blood sugar affects the connective tissue around joints, making the shoulder capsule more prone to thickening and stiffness. Good sugar control helps recovery.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.